Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Pre Exposure Prophylaxis ( Prep ) For Hiv Prevention

Article Report Brent Henrikson Name: University Article 1 Abstract â€Å"Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention is a promising experimental approach currently being tested globally. A number of PrEP trials are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of PrEP in men who have sex with men (MSM) and other populations at risk for HIV, and results will be available from this first generation of efficacy trials over the next few years. Here we review the rationale for orally-administered antiretrovirals for prevention, and outline issues the first generation trials will address as well as questions that may be addressed in future studies. We also describe the rationale for combination prevention approaches that may combine PrEP with other prevention modalities as part of a larger prevention package† (Buchbinder and Liu, 2011). Summary Buchbinder and Liu (2011) underscored the importance of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) by stating that the future prevention and management of HIV infection lies in the ability to prevent the infection in the first place. This article focused on â€Å"reviewing the rationale for orally-administered antiretrovirals for prevention, and outline issues the first generation trials will address as well as questions that may be addressed in future studies† (Buchbinder and Liu, 2011). The article also focused on discussing the reasoning for combining PrEP with other prevention methods. A number of trials have been focusing on determiningShow MoreRelatedUptake Use And Effectiveness Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis In Hivya Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining the uptake, use and effectiveness of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV negative persons with partners living with HIV. 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A study conducted by EmoryRead MoreUtilization Of Hiv Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesan evaluation and assessment of Programs to Increase the Utilization of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Men Who have Sex with Mem (MSM) and Transgender Individuals and Collaborative Efforts to Metropolitan Statistical Area, offered by the International Black Women’s Congress (IBWC) in response to the request for proposal for The Virginia Department of Health, Division of Disease Prevention for the delivery of HIV services in the Virginia Beach/Norfolk/Newport News Metropolitan StatisticalRead MoreThe And Drug Administration Approved Truvada For Treating Hiv889 Words   |  4 PagesTruvada, the anti-HIV pill that his primary doctor prescribed h im approximately four months ago. 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This deadly disease has caused millions of deaths, but during its thirty plus years of existence; many breakthroughs have come about to make this a treatable disease. A few years later, cases of females being infectedRead MoreThe Prevention Of Hiv Prevention945 Words   |  4 PagesHIV Prevention There are several ways you can protect yourself and your partner(s) from HIV. Using a condom the correct way and every time you engage in sex, but not everybody uses the methods. If your partner is HIV positive, but you’re negative, then talk to your doctor about taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). It’s a medication you take daily to prevent HIV infection. This drug is not for people who have a partner who is infected, it’s also recommended for people who engage in sex with a

Monday, December 16, 2019

Texts by Peter Skrzynecki Free Essays

People’s perceptions of belonging vary according to the way they see themselves and their world. Individuals feelings of alienation and belonging is perceived by the way they see themselves and their world. As individuals become accepted within their new world, their surrounding forge acceptance, thus alienation becomes less apparent. We will write a custom essay sample on Texts by Peter Skrzynecki or any similar topic only for you Order Now Individuals foundation of belonging from alienation through the way they see themselves within their world is conveyed within â€Å"The Blind Side†, and â€Å"Felicks Skrzynecki† by Peter Skrzynecki. Within these two texts individuals similarly generate a sense of belonging in despite of cultural differences thus overcoming their struggles to gain a perception of acceptance within their world. Whereas â€Å"10 Mary Street† by Peter Skrzynecki portrays his perception of himself as belonging to his world and within his home. Individuals perceptions of one’s self worth within their world effects their sense of belonging. The Blind Side† is a powerful projection of cultural injustice and the misperceptions of cultural identity that shape an individuals sense of belonging, Michael does not belong within his community. The long shot of Michael sitting in the stands alone projects Michaels isolation from the remainder of his population. This broad shot generates an image which makes Michael seem miniscule within his world and thus his perception of his self worth is conveyed with negative impressions, Michael has no sense of belonging as he sits abounded, alone in a shot which over shadows him. I look and I see white everywhere. White walls, white floors and a lot of white people. † As Michael is being brought into Leanne’s family through this dialogue it is conveyed that it is a difficult transition, Michael see’s his race as a barrier between the acceptance of his new world, which highlights the void between the rich white population and the less fortunate culture which Michael was born into- Michael doesn’t perceive himself to belong. Through plot development alienation becomes less apparent and Michael is adopted within new culture that he becomes apart of, Michael belongs to his new world. Leigh Anne asked Michael â€Å"You’re gonna take care of me right? †, and Michael responds â€Å"I got your back† this conversation highlights the strong bond that has formed between these two individuals, and thus in juxtaposition to the first shot Michael is no longer alone. Leigh Anne is reliant on Michael who has changed her life in a positive way thus Michael’s self worth has increased. As Michael is accepted within Leigh Annes family a strong bond is formed within his world. Through his increased self worth Michael feels a sense of belonging brought in spite of his alienation. Through the alienation of cultural barriers individuals sought for other means of belonging. â€Å"Feliks Skrzynecki† explores the hardships of cultural barriers and how these can create alienation in the failure to belong within his world, similar to Michaels alienation within his world. â€Å"Did your father ever attempt to learn English? , this cruel accusation depicts Australia’s unforgiving nature for foreigners failure to adapt to a certain culture. The incapability of Peter’s â€Å"gentle father† to change himself to belong to his new world leads to a sense of alienation and an exploration for other means of belonging. Peter writes his father â€Å"Loved his garden like an only child†, and â€Å"He swept its path ten times around the world†, p rojecting a strong connection that his father has a place that he belongs and is accepted. The symbol that the garden is his child conveys the strong connection that the man and garden have with each other; a child is dependent on its parent to survive and thus this becomes a metaphor for Feliks and the garden- the garden needs Feliks to stay healthy and thus a strong sense of belonging to each other. Feliks continuous sweeping of the path creates a sense of routine which demonstrates a sense of belonging as well as routine the use of a hyperbole emphasizes the amount of time spent in his garden reinforcing the strong sense of belonging experienced by his father. From alienation further means of belonging are sought for as seen through the importance placed on his fathers cultural connective friends to reminisce upon the past, Felicks belongs to the past and places significant importance upon his homeland; where they all feel a greater sense of belonging, â€Å"Talking, they reminisced about farms where paddocks flowered with corn and wheat, horses they bred†. Another connection which generates his fathers sense of belonging is the changing from a farm to a garden where he has always tended to nature and thus this is a place familiarity; a place he feels he belongs. Thus Peter’s â€Å"gentle father† is alienated within the Australian culture but has sought for other means of belonging within himself and his cultural identity, forging happiness and acceptance. Therefore Felicks perception of his own happiness and surrounding have generated a sense of belonging for himself within his garden. Belonging is achieved through an individuals security and belonging to a place as seen within Peter Skryznecki, â€Å"10 Mary Street†. The employment of a personal voice emphasises a sense of authenticity which allows for the theme of belonging to magnified. Skrzynecki’s use of first person allows the reader to forge a relationship with the persona thus the composers themes are conveyed with an extension of a sentimental bond. Peter’s individual perception that he belongs to his home as well as his parents despite being a migrant disallows for alienation and displays a perception of personal security within his home. â€Å"For nineteen years we departed each morning† like in â€Å"Feliks Skryznecki† a sense of routine provides an impression of a sense of belonging thus bonding the migrants to their new world. Peter presents himself to belong within his world through the perception that he is apart of his home and has been for nineteen years. â€Å"We lived together†¦ With photographs and letters†, â€Å"We became citizens of the soil that was feeding us† Peter uses this metaphor and evaluative comment to acknowledged his heritage but also the link to his new home both providing him with a sense of belonging. Through the individuals perception of security to his home for years a sense of belonging is achieved within his world through his family and home. How to cite Texts by Peter Skrzynecki, Essay examples

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Essay on Health Plan Review

Question: Write your health plan review using report format. Answer: Introduction The Koolin Balit Plan has been taken up in order to examine the relevance and significance of health plan in the Aboriginal population. While Koolin Balit denotes healthy people in Boonwurrung language, it is to be asserted that this Victorian Government strategy vouches for and works towards the improvement and welfare of Aboriginal people in Victoria by the year 2022 (www2.health.vic.gov.au, 2016). This plan is all about setting out as well as focusing on the governments commitments through the Department of Health and Human Services along with the Aboriginal communities towards improving the Aboriginal health; and also to bring together total effort of Victoria in Aboriginal health in an integrated framework on the basis of predominant key priorities and enablers. Description of plan Koolin Balit is known as the strategic directions of the Victorian Government for the cause of Aboriginal health over the years of 2012-2022. This plan was launched by the Minister for Health at the Aboriginal health conference in the year 2012, specifically in the month of May (www2.health.vic.gov.au, 2016). The government has aimed for making a significant impact on the cause of improving the respective length and lifestyle quality of the Aboriginal Victorians in this modern age. The preset objectives of the government can be put forth as: Closing the gap in the concerned life expectancy for Aboriginal people living in Victoria Causing reduction in the differences in the infant mortality rates, factor of morbidity and low birth weights between general population and the people of Aboriginal strata Improving access to the necessary services and outcomes for the Aboriginal people Certain priority areas can be focused to improve upon the health and wellbeing of the Aboriginal people. The key priority areas are: A healthy start to life A healthy childhood A healthy transition to adulthood Caring for older people Addressing risk factors Management of illness better with effective health services The enablers can be listed as: Improvement of data and service Strong and efficient Aboriginal organizations Cultural responsiveness Description of priority area and at risk groups One of the outlined priority areas in the chosen plan is: A healthy start to life and it is a well-known fact that a healthy start to life is actually the foundation of good health throughout the living cycle. As a major 16% of the disease prone people up to the age of 24 years tend to suffer due to the neonatal conditions, therefore, it is the responsibility of the young Aboriginal population to ensure good health from the very beginning of life; and in this regard, the issue concerning breastfeeding amongst the indigenous mothers can be cited with effective lan (Koolin Balit Victorian Government strategic directions for Aboriginal health 20122022, 2016). The at-risk groups in this context are: indigenous pregnant women and young women. In accordance with the evidence, it can be put forward that the indigenous women are less likely to opt for breastfeeding in comparison with non-indigenous women and therein lies the difference in course of giving a healthy start to life for the indigenous children are more often than not deprived from the benefits of breastfeeding. The benefits of breastfeeding for the infants are numerous for it provides the very foundation of life that guides through the children throughout their respective lives, in terms of safeguarding them from life threatening infections and ailments (Willis et al. 2006). The actions outlined for addressing this priority area are inclusive of nurturing pregnant women, healthy lifestyle of women barring the habits of smoking and drinking, providing the would-be-mothers with effective knowledge of breastfeeding etc. Discussion This particular section of report is all about focusing on the probable determinants linked closely to the at-risk groups i.e. indigenous pregnant women, young women and the associated health consequences for the concerned groups. In this connection the determinants i.e. social, environmental and biological can be chosen which can be listed as education, early life and social support. It can be put forward that in terms of increasing the number of Aboriginal pregnant women and the new mothers in course of their accessing antenatal care early in their pregnancy and motherhood, the early life factor can be accomplished. Educating the mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding is essential for breastfeeding not just helps in ensuring the healthy beginning of life and upbringing of life for the infants; but is also effective for the mothers in maintaining their respective lives and healthy motherhood. Inculcating positive lifestyle behavior during and after pregnancy is of utmost importance; and that can certainly be achieved in terms of supporting specific healthcare programs that in turn help in providing an optimum environment for the growth of the newborn with positive reinforcements (Koolin Balit Victorian Government strategic directions for Aboriginal health 20122022, 2016). The factors concerning education and social support can be incorporated as well as attaine d by means of supporting several local initiatives that happen to emphasize the provisions concerning physical health and mental health, overall wellbeing of the Aboriginal infants and their mothers during pre-natal and post-natal period. It is the Victorian Governments responsibility to enhance the connecting links between the health improvement programs and social initiatives, for ensuring Closing the Health Gap implementation plan alongside the effective execution of the activities that largely involves improvement of access to the quality antenatal care (Koolin Balit Victorian Government strategic directions for Aboriginal health 20122022, 2016). The government department can be found to be working on the proposed healthcare initiatives for the cause of bringing forth improvement in the positive lifestyle behavior among the mothers during and after pregnancy period. The initiatives take into account plans such as; Healthy Family Air which has been designed in support of quit smoking among the parents of the Aboriginal infants during the phase of pregnancy Koori alcohol plan for serving the purpose of increasing and spreading awareness regarding the habit of risky drinking amongst would-be-parents of Aboriginal population and the adverse effects of drinking on the unborn babies Victorian Aboriginal nutrition and physical activity strategy that needs effective implementation to ensure the welfare and wellbeing of the Aboriginal mothers and newborns on grounds of nutritional health These determinants are pivotal for they are impactful on the specified group because of their appropriateness and relevance. Conclusion This report has managed to sum up that the health plan concerning Koolin Balit happens to provide a clear path forward in the attainment of prominent outcomes in the course of Aboriginal health. It has come up with a clear demonstration through the respective investigation of the health services for Aboriginal people in terms of being responsible and accountable for the taken initiatives. The research study has pointed towards the fact that health outcomes vary to a large extent across the population groups and the same has happened in case of the Aboriginal population for they have a distinct set of lifestyle which adversely affects their very wellbeing and overall welfare. The report is found to have focused on the impact of the health services on the Aboriginal population in terms of closely associating the government and other partners on this ground of improvement of positive healthy lifestyle behavior among the Aboriginal people, specifically the pregnant women and young women. It can be concluded that this particular piece of research write up has managed to serve the purpose of illustrating how and why of the concerned impacts, that have been taking place through the means of underlying determinants. References Koolin Balit Victorian Government strategic directions for Aboriginal health 20122022. (2016). pp.1-88. Willis, E., Smye, V. and Rameka, M. (2006). Advances in Contemporary Indigenous Health Care. Maleny: EContent Management Pty Ltd.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Somalia And US Essays - Military Operations Other Than War, Peace

Somalia And US The desire for an organization that would help the international community"avoid future conflicts" and the recognized need for a global body that would "promote international economic and social cooperation" led the powerful states emerging from the rubble of WWII to develop the United Nations. The newly formed United Nations "represented an expression of hope for the possibilities of a new global security arrangement and for fostering the social and economic conditions necessary for peace to prevail" (Mingst and Karns 2). The need for mutual cooperation amongst the states following the second of the global wars was vital to the reconstruction of war-torn Europe, and for the development of a new world order. This attempt at cooperation was not the first of its kind. According to Mingst and Karns, "The UN's Charter built on lessons learned from the failed League of Nations created at the end of World War I and earlier experiments with international unions, conference diplomacy, and dispute settlements mechanisms" (2). Despite this "experience" in mutual cooperation, the founding states still faced many problems in the security arena due to the advent of the Cold War. In order to effectively deal with security issues facing the UN, the Security Council turned to "peace- Mulligan 2 keeping" as an alternative to armed aggression. According to the United Nations Department of Public Information, "Peacekeeping was pioneered and developed by the United Nations as one of the means for maintaining international peace and security" (1998), and the UN deals with particular problems through "the prevention, containment, and moderation of hostilities between or within states through the use of multinational forces of soldiers, police, and civilians" (Mingst and Karns 3). This was a very different approach to quelling conflicts that had never before been practiced. Peacekeeping was "a creative response to the breakdown of great-power unity and the spread of East-West tensions to regional conflicts" (Mingst and Karns 3). Before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the United States Senate, John R. Bolton, Senior Vice President of the American Enterprise Institute, stated further reasoning for the evolution of peacekeeping. He notes: ?Traditional' U.N. peacekeeping evolved when it became clear that the broad intentions of the Framers of the U.N. Charter were rendered largely meaningless by the onset of the Cold War. U.N. involvement in international crises, far from being the central dispute-resolution mechanism envisioned by the Framers in Chapters VI and VII, became episodic and incidental to the main global confrontation between East and West. Since "Cold War tensions have subsided, peace has been threatened by resurgent ethnic and nationalist conflicts in Mulligan 3 many regions. As a result, U.N. peacekeeping operations have grown rapidly in number and complexity in recent years. While 13 operations were established in the first forty years of U.N. peacekeeping, 28 new operations have been launched since 1988" (UNDPI 1998). The following map shows the many regions of the world in which the United Nations has become involved in a peacekeeping mission: Mulligan 4 Due in part because of the extraordinarily limited dimensions within which U.N. peacekeeping was feasible, a clear set of principles evolved to describe the elements necessary for successful U.N. operations. These rules would become the standard from which future U.N. peace-keeping missions would be drawn. The first criterion for a U.N. peacekeeping mission was consent. According to Bolton, "All of the relevant parties to a dispute had to agree to the participation of U.N. peacekeepers in monitoring, observing or policing a truce, cease fire, or disengagement of combatants" (2000). This agreement must not only grant the U.N. the right to intervene in the state's internal affairs, but also detail the "scope of its mission and the operational requirements for carrying out that mission" (Bolton 2000). A nation-state, at any time, could withdraw its consent at which point the U.N. forces would withdraw. One example of revoking consent occurred in "May, 1967, when Egypt insisted on the withdrawal of the U.N. Expeditionary Force (established after the Suez Canal Crisis of 1956) from its territory along the border with Israel" (Bolton 2000). U.N. forces were forced to leave, and as a result, the Six Day War followed. Mulligan 5 A second requirement was the notion that the U.N. forces would not take sides in the conflict. Bolton states that ...U.N. peacekeepers were [to be] neutral [amongst] the parties to the conflict, not favoring one or another of them. It was understood to be elemental that the United Nations could not ?take sides' in a conflict without itself becoming involved in the very situation it was trying to